Yes. Sub-GHz signals penetrate walls better than Wi-Fi; outdoors, line-of-sight links regularly reach 10 km+. Indoors, range is room-to-building-scale, depending on concrete/metal layout.
Commercial 8-channel gateways comfortably handle ~500 nodes; Lansitec quotes “> 500 in one LoRaWAN gateway” for its Solar, Macro, and Indoor models.
Unlicensed ISM bands: EU 868 MHz, US 915 MHz, AU 915 MHz, AS 923 MHz, etc. Exact channel plans are set by the LoRa Alliance regional parameters.
It depends, but our clients report up to 15 km rural, 2-5 km dense urban, and a few hundred metres indoors. Antenna height, spreading factor, and surrounding materials will all play a role in range.
Yes. AES-128 at both network and application layers, plus device-specific keys and join-server separation for OTAA.
Years. For example, Lansitec’s Macro Bluetooth Gateway runs for > 7 years on a 38000 mAh pack with 5-minute reports.
Rain and fog have minimal impact at sub-GHz; metal structures and deep indoor basements matter more.
No. LoRaWAN is license-free. You only need to comply with local duty-cycle / transmit-power regulations and not occupy too much of the open airtime.
Adaptive Data Rate: the network server instructs each device to use the slowest (lowest-power) spreading factor that still meets link-budget—saving energy and air-time.
NB-IoT offers higher data rates (up to 127 kbps) but needs a paid SIM and draws far more current during attach. LoRaWAN trades that speed for battery life and lets you own the network if you wish.
